MIME типы, обработчики и фильтры в Apache

MIME ????, ??????????? ? ???????

?????? mime ??????????? ??????? (????? ????????? ? ?????? ??? ???, ????????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????????) ????? ????? ? ?????????????, ????????? ? ????? ??????????? (MIME ???, ????, ????? ???????? ? ????? ???????????). ?????????? MIME ???? ???????????? IANA. ???? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ?? ?????? MIME ??? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???????, ? ???? ? ????????? ?? ????????????. ????? ??????????? (????????: ?????? (x-gzip, gzip, x-compress, compress), ????????, uuencode) ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ????, ???????? ??????? ????????? "Content-encoding:", ????? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????????????. ? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? x-gzip (?????? ???????), ??? ? gzip (????? ????????). ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? (Content-Language:, ?????????????? ???) ? ?????? ???????? (?????????? charset= ? ????????? Content-Type:). ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? IANA (US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, ISO-10646-UTF-1, KOI8-R, UTF-7, UTF-8, windows-1251). ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????????????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? include (SSI), deflate ? ext_filter. ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????, ? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????????. ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?? ????, ????? ??? ???????????? ???????:

• default-handler (????????? ??????????? ???????)
• send-as-is (?????? asis, ????????? ?????? ? ?????)
• cgi-script (?????? cgi ? cgid)
• imap-file (?????? imap; ????????? ??????????? ???? ????????)
• server-info (?????? info; ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????)
• server-status (?????? status; ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????)
• type-map (?????? negotiation)
• ?????? actions ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????

????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ????????, ????????? ? ?????? (DFLA) MIME ??? (ForceType), ??????? ?????? (SetInputFilter), ???????? ?????? (SetOutputFilter), ?????????? (SetHandler). ????????? DefaultType ????????? MIME ??? ?? ?????????. ????????? AddOutputFilterByType ????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????????? ? ????????? MIME ?????. ????????? AddDefaultCharset ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ? ????????? ??????.

????????? ?????? mime:
• SVDFLA AddCharset ?????-???????? ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? - ?????????? ? ??????)
• SVDFLA AddEncoding MIME-??????????? ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ??????????? - ?????????? ? ??????)
• SVDFLA AddHandler ???-??????????? ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ???????????? - ?????????? ? ??????)
• SVDFLA AddInputFilter ???-???????[;???-??????? ...] ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????????????? ???????? - ?????????? ? ??????)
• SVDFLA AddLanguage ???-????? ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ?????? - ?????????? ? ??????)
• SVDFLA AddOutputFilter ???-???????[;???-??????? ...] ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????????????? ???????? - ?????????? ? ??????)
• SVDFLA AddType MIME-??? ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? MIME ????? - ?????????? ? ??????)
• SVDFLA DefaultLanguage ???-?????
• D ModMimeUsePathInfo Off | On (????? ?? ?????? mime ???????????? path_info, ?.?. "??????" ????? URL; ??. ????? AcceptPathInfo)
• SVDFLA MultiviewsMatch Any|NegotiatedOnly|Filters|Handlers [Handlers|Filters] (?????????? ?????????? MultiViews ?????? negotiation; ?? ????????? - NegotiatedOnly, ?.?. ??????? ????? ??????????? ?.?. ???????? ? MIME ????, ?????, ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????????)
• VDFLA RemoveCharset ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? - ???????? ?? ??????)
• VDFLA RemoveEncoding ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ??????????? - ???????? ?? ??????)
• VDFLA RemoveHandler ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ???????????? - ???????? ?? ??????)
• VDFLA RemoveInputFilter ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????????????? ???????? - ???????? ?? ??????)
• VDFLA RemoveLanguage ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ?????? - ???????? ?? ??????)
• VDFLA RemoveOutputFilter ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????????????? ???????? - ???????? ?? ??????)
• VDFLA RemoveType ??????? ... (?????????? ???????? ????? ? MIME ????? - ???????? ?? ??????)
• S TypesConfig ???-????? (conf/mime.types; ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? MIME ?????? ?? ?????????)

?????? mime_magic ?????????? MIME ??? ?? ??????????? ?????, ?????????? ????????? file(1). ????????? MimeMagicFile (SV) ?????????? ??? ????? ????????. ? ????????????? ???????????? ???? conf/magic, ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????.

?????? deflate ????????? ???????? ?????? DEFLATE - ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ???????? (???????? gzip, zlib). ???????? ????? SSI ? PHP. ?????????? ??????????? SetInputFilter, SetOutputFilter, AddOutputFilterByType. ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? Vary (?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????: Header set Vary *). ?????????:
• SV DeflateBufferSize 8096
• SV DeflateCompressionLevel ???????-?????? (?? 1 ?? 9)
• SV DeflateFilterNote [Input|Output|Ratio] ???-??????? (????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????: %{???-???????}n)
• SV DeflateMemLevel 9
• SV DeflateWindowSize 15

?????? ext_filter ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????? (????? ??????? ????????? ?? stdin, ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ? stdout). ????????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????????? SetOutputFilter. ?????????:
• S ExtFilterDefine ???-??????? ????????? (???????? ???????, ??? ?????????:
o cmd=???????-?-?????????-?????-?????? (????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? CGI ? DOCUMENT_URI, DOCUMENT_PATH_INFO, QUERY_STRING_UNESCAPED)
o mode=output
o intype=MIME-??? (???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????)
o outtype=MIME-??? (????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????)
o PreservesContentLength
o ftype=?????-???-??????? (AP_FTYPE_RESOURCE; ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????)
o disableenv=???-??????????-????????? (???? ?????????? ???????????, ?? ?????? ?? ???????????)
o enableenv=???-??????????-????????? (???? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ?? ?????? ?? ???????????)
• D ExtFilterOptions DebugLevel=????? | LogStderr | NoLogStderr

?????? include ????????? ???????? ?????? SSI ? ?????? ? ????????? ?????????.

?????????? server-info (?????? info; ????????? AddModuleInfo ????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??????) ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??????? (????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????, ? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????) ? ?????? ???????????? ??? (http://www.company.ru/server-info):


SetHandler server-info
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from ????-?????????


?????????? server-status (?????? status) ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ??? ?????????????, ? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????. ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? server-info (??????? ????: http://www.company.ru/server-status?refresh=?????? ??? http://www.company.ru/server-status?auto). ????????? ExtendedStatus (S) ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????.

?????????? send-as-is (?????? asis) ????????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? (?????? ????????? ????????? Date: ? Server:). ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ? ??????? AddHandler ? SetHandler, ????? ???????????? ????? ? MIME ????? httpd/send-as-is. ? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? (??????????? Status: ? Content-type:), ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????.

?????? negotiation ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? (???, ????, ????? ????????, ????? ???????????) ???? ? ??????? ??????????? type-map (*.var, application/x-type-map) ??? ?????? ??? ????????? Options MultiViews. ????????, ????????? ????? Firefox 1.0.3:

ACCEPT:
text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
ACCEPT_CHARSET: KOI8-R,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
ACCEPT_ENCODING: gzip,deflate
ACCEPT_LANGUAGE: ru,en-us;q=0.7,en;q=0.3

??????? ???? ??? ??????????? type-map ???????? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? (???????) ????? ????????? ????? ???????????, ????, ?????, MIME ??? ? ??????????? (level, qs), ???? ???????? ??? ????????? URI ? ????? ????????. ???????? MultiViews ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????? URI, ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????, ?????, ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????????, ???????????? ??????? mime ?? ????????? ??????. ?????????:

• SV CacheNegotiatedDocs Off | On (????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????)
• SVDFLA ForceLanguagePriority None|Prefer|Fallback [Prefer|Fallback] (Prefer; ???????????? ????????? ??????, ????????????? ?????????? LanguagePriority, ??? ??????????? ????????; Fallback ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????, ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????????)
• SVDFLA LanguagePriority ???-????? ... (?????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????, ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????; ????? ???? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? prefer-language)

?????????? cgi-script (?????? cgi ??? cgid ? ??????????? ?? MPM) ???????????? ????? ? MIME-????? application/x-httpd-cgi ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? cgi-script (????????????? ????????????? ScriptAlias, XBitHack). ? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? CGI, ??????????????? ?????????? DOCUMENT_ROOT, PATH_INFO ("??????" ????? URL, ??. AcceptPathInfo), REMOTE_HOST (????????? HostnameLookups), REMOTE_IDENT, REMOTE_USER (?????? ????? ??????????????). ?????????:
• SV ScriptLog ???-????? (???? ??????????? ?? ????? ????????????, ?????????? ? User, (????????, nobody), ?.?. ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ? ???? ????? ?? ??????)
• SV ScriptLogBuffer ???? (1024; ????? PUT ??? POST, ??????? ??????? ? ??????)
• SV ScriptLogLength ???? (10385760; ???????????? ?????? ???????)
• SV ScriptSock ???-????? (logs/cgisock; ?????? ??? ?????? cgid; ????? ??? ????? ? ??????? cgid)

?????? suexec ? ????????? ? ???????? suexec ????????? ????????? CGI ????????? ??? uid ? gid, ????????? ? ????????? SuexecUserGroup (SV).

?????? actions ????????? ????????? CGI ?????? ? ???????????, MIME ???? ??? ?????? ??????? (GET, PUT ? ?.?.). ?????????:
• SVDFLA Action ???-???-???-??????????? ???-??????? (?????? CGI ??????? (?.?. ???????? ScriptAlias ??? AddHandler) ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????)
• SVD Script ????? ???-??????? (?????? CGI ??????? (?.?. ???????? ScriptAlias ??? AddHandler), ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????; ????????? ? ???????? ????? ???????????; ?????? GET ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? URI ????? ???????? ??????? (...????-??????))